![]() It accounts for the fact that the classic CBD is no longer dominant, but is instead upstaged by several specialized suburban areas. This model takes the Harris and Ullman’s multiple nuclei model one step further. These areas are tied together by transportation nodes, like beltways, to avoid traffic congestion. The model is based on the city of Detroit, Michigan and is made up of an inner city, with large suburban residential and business areas surrounding it. The galactic city model is also known as the peripheral model. Galactic City (Peripheral) Model Night-time skyline shot of glowing city that is Detroit. In 1960, Chauncy Harris published his galactic city model. In the last half of the twentieth century, urban geographers, like Harris (co-author of the multiple-nuclei model) noticed that many of the new suburban CBDs in the United States became specialized toward a particular industrial or service sector. This mobility allowed for regional centers to specialize their businesses. Harris and Ullman claimed that, in newer cities, automobile-based intra-urban diffusion was creating a multiple-nuclei structure of urban land use. In the multiple-nuclei, the “nuclei” are multiple smaller growth centers that developed around the metropolitan area. They asserted that the CBD was no longer the only center of an urban area or city. ![]() The CDB is found at the heart of every older city and is the area of skyscrapers, business headquarters, and banks.Ī few years after Burgess and Hoyt published their findings, fellow Chicagoan geographers Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman came up with their own idea of urban land use, the multiple-nuclei model. Some of those models like Burgess’s concentric zone model and Hoyt’s sector model asserted that all models used to explain urban land use have at their center the central business district (CBD). ![]() It makes sense that scholars at the University of Chicago developed many of these land use models because Chicago was a city that saw rapid growth in the 19th century. They developed a variety of urban land use models to help describe and explain different types of cities and the neighborhoods that made up the city. In the early 1900’s, researchers wanted to find out how cities worked. Edge cities are the opposite of bedroom communities (a residential suburb inhabited mainly by people who commute to a nearby city for work) because these places have many businesses, but very few residents. Many edge cities now a mix of business and some manufacturing centers. Eventually, new shopping complexes developed in these suburban areas, such as enclosed shopping malls, and big-box chains. The edge cities started as suburban areas for those who worked in the central cities. These areas are tied together by a beltway. An edge city is an urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it. ![]() Edge CitiesĪn even more recent phenomenon is the concept of the edge city. Suburbanization is the movement of people from core urban areas to the outskirts. The result was the suburbanization of our society. There was a need for housing outside of the core urban areas due to growing population and demand. After the conclusion of World War II, North America experienced rapid urbanization. This increase in urban population resulted in rapid expansion of the city and greater urbanization of the society. This has led to urbanization (rapid growth, and migration to large cities). All cities provide their residents a variety of services and functions: shopping, manufacturing, transportation, education, medical, and protective services.Ĭities have evolved over time, and their populations have dramatically increased. They have a variety of shapes and functions, and their geography impacts the daily lives of those who live in the city and surrounding areas. Why Do So Many People Live in the City?Ĭities are at the center of every advanced society and act as the hub of economic, social and political activities in an area. In this AP® Human Geography study guide, we are going to see how urban land use has evolved as we consider Chauncey Harris’s galactic city model. Over the past 100 years, there have been several classic models developed to understand and explain the internal structures of cities and urban areas. Do you live in a galactic city? Cities are growing much faster than rural areas, and the dynamics of urban geography is an important subject to know about for the AP® Human Geography exam.
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